Morocco’s Jewish heritage invites travelers to immerse themselves in the tapestry of ancient traditions, customs, architectural marvels, monuments, and historical sites that have left an indelible mark on Moroccan society through the ages. This enduring legacy owes much to Morocco’s distinctive history of Jewish communities coexisting harmoniously with Berbers and Arabs, establishing it as a safe and welcoming destination for Jewish travelers today. It proudly boasts one of the oldest Jewish communities in the diaspora.
Meknes, often referred to as the Moroccan Versailles, stands as a testament to this heritage. Within its confines, one can trace the rich Jewish heritage through Hebraic epitaphs dating back to the Christian era and the enduring presence of Greek inscriptions in local synagogues. The ancient Mellah, Meknes’ Jewish quarter, is renowned for its historic Jewish Street names, while the newer Mellah is home to an impressive array of eleven synagogues. Among these treasures, the venerable Rabbi Meir Toledano Synagogue stands as a living relic, steeped in history dating back to the 13th century.
A pilgrimage to the tomb of Rabbi David Benmidan is an absolute must on your journey—a site of profound significance. The new cemetery, meticulously maintained, stands as a testament to the enduring reverence it holds. In this corner of Meknes, a small yet thriving Jewish community continues to flourish, and visitors can explore the exquisite El Krief synagogue, situated near the new cemetery. On the opposite side of the newer Mellah, nestled beside the ancient one, lies the old Jewish cemetery, where several revered figures, including Haim Messas, David Boussidan, and Raphael Berdugo, find their eternal rest.
As you traverse the Meknes Road, you will encounter the poignant remains of the Talmud Torah, an abandoned Jewish religious school, on the left side. This somber structure serves as a poignant reminder of the vibrant tapestry of Jewish life that once thrived in this historic city.
Jewish cemetery -Meknes- New York Jewish Travel Guide
Talmud Torah – Jewish religious school, Meknes – Jewish Mellah Quarter – New York Jewish Travel Guide
“Exploring Meknes-Must-Visit Attractions”
Bab El-Khemis Gate is a must-visit in Meknes, known for its stunning beauty and historical significance. It’s one of the oldest gates in the city, dating back to 1673. The gate’s original green and white zellij tiles, marble columns, and Quranic inscriptions make it truly impressive. Don’t miss the small holes on the facade, which were used during restoration work.
Bab El-Khemis Gate- New York Jewish Travel Guide
Embark on a captivating journey to the UNESCO archaeological site of Volubilis (Walili) and uncover the mesmerizing Roman ruins adorned with exquisite mosaics and vibrant tiles depicting Roman mythology. This historic site also holds the distinction of revealing the earliest traces of Jewish settlement in Morocco.
Volubilis primarily showcases the remnants of a fortified Roman city, with only a fraction of the site having been excavated. Notably, the walls of affluent homes within the city are adorned with a plethora of stunning mosaics depicting a diverse array of living creatures, including elephants, cats, fish, and more, offering a vivid glimpse into the past.
“Ancient Romans Site in Volubilis”- New York Jewish Travel Guide
Fez: Jewish Moroccan History
The imperial city of Fes is a pivotal landmark for anyone with a keen interest in Moroccan Jewish heritage. It ranks high on the list of must-visit destinations. Fes Medina, known for being one of the world’s largest car-free zones and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site, offers a captivating window into Moroccan history and culture, particularly the vibrant Jewish community that thrived here.
Delving into the captivating history of Moroccan Jewry in Fes is a journey filled with fascination and engagement. As you navigate the maze-like alleys of the medieval souks, you’ll be transported back in time, experiencing the enduring heritage of ancient Morocco. Notably, the architectural landscape serves as a living testament to this history. Jewish-style buildings, whether in their original form or lovingly restored, proudly exhibit large windows and open balconies. These architectural features stand in stark contrast to the more discreet and modest windows characteristic of Muslim households, a design intended to safeguard the privacy of Muslim women from the gaze of passersby.
Exploring Fes is like stepping into a time capsule where the past harmoniously coexists with the present, offering a rich tapestry of Moroccan culture and heritage to discover and appreciate.
the Mellah, the old Jewish quarter – New York Jewish Travel Guide
The Mellah- New York Jewish Travel Guide
The Ibn Danan Synagogue, situated in the heart of Fes’ cultural, historical, and commercial center within the Medina, stands as one of the most ancient and significant synagogues in North Africa. This charming 17th-century synagogue underwent a meticulous restoration process in 1999, with invaluable assistance from UNESCO.
As you approach this historical gem, you may find its doors are not frequently thrown open to visitors. To gain entry and fully appreciate its treasures, you may need to seek out the guardian, who will graciously invite you inside and serve as your guide. Once inside, you’ll be treated to a remarkable array of features, including a mikveh, a ritual bath, located in the basement.
The Ibn Danan Synagogue boasts a distinction that is unparalleled—it perhaps holds the sole complete collection of Moroccan synagogue designs in existence. Among its notable elements, you’ll encounter the reader’s wooden and wrought iron canopy platform, known as the Teva, on the western side. On the eastern side, you’ll discover twin wooden-carved arks housing the Torah, collectively referred to as the Hechal, each a work of art. The walls are adorned with intricate tilework that adds to the aesthetic richness of the synagogue.
Inside, your gaze will fall upon well-preserved wooden benches and chairs, including Elijah’s Chair, a significant fixture used during circumcision ceremonies. The space is illuminated by the soft glow of oil lamps, creating an ambiance that transports you through time. Embroidered hangings add to the synagogue’s visual appeal, creating a tapestry of history and culture.
In essence, the Ibn Danan Synagogue is not just a historical place of worship; it is a hidden jewel, a testament to the rich tapestry of Jewish history waiting to be uncovered and cherished.
The Ibn Danan Synagogue- New York Jewish Travel Guide
Slat Alfassiyine, also known as the Prayer of those from Fes, holds the distinction of being one of the oldest synagogues, initially established in the 17th century within the historic Medina—a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Sadly, this venerable place of worship had fallen into a state of disrepair and remained closed since the 1960s.
In early 2013, a significant turning point in the synagogue’s history occurred when King Mohammed VI of Morocco initiated the restoration of Slat Alfassiyine in Fes. His visionary call for the revival of Jewish temples across the nation underscored their importance as not merely places of worship but also as spaces for cultural dialogue, instrumental in rejuvenating the foundational values of Moroccan civilization.
The restoration project was made possible through funding from various sources, including Morocco’s Jewish community, the Foundation for Moroccan Jewish Cultural Heritage, the Jewish community of Fes, and the Federal Republic of Germany. Generous contributions from private individuals, such as the late Simon Levy, the Toledano’s, and the Berdugos, played a pivotal role in the successful restoration of Slat Alfassiyine, which was ultimately completed by the end of 2013.
This synagogue holds a special place on our list, not only for its exquisite stained-glass windows and intricate woodwork but also for the remarkable narrative behind its restoration—a testament to the enduring commitment to preserving Morocco’s rich Jewish heritage and fostering cultural understanding.
Slat Alfassiyine (Prayer of those from Fes) – New York Jewish Travel Guide
Within the Fes Jewish Cemetery, a poignant sight unfolds in the southwest corner of the Mellah—a vast expanse of gleaming white tombs cascading down the hillside. Among these, you’ll find dedicated enclosures containing the resting places of revered rabbis. One of the most ancient tombs, perched high against the north wall, is that of Rabbi Vidal Hasserfaty, whose passing occurred in the year 1600.
Remarkably, this cemetery continues to serve as an active burial ground, meticulously maintained and safeguarded by dedicated guardians who are unwavering in their commitment to preserving its sanctity and ensuring its continued care.
As you explore further down the slope from Rabbi Hasserfaty’s tomb, not far from the primary entrance, you’ll encounter a substantial tomb adorned with green accents. This tomb serves as the final resting place of the martyr Lala Solica, a courageous soul who met a tragic fate at a tender age for her unwavering refusal to renounce her faith and convert. Her story serves as a powerful testament to the strength of conviction and the enduring legacy of those who stood steadfast in their beliefs.
Fez Jewish Cemetery- New York Jewish Travel Guide
“Exploring Fes Must-Visit Attractions”
The University of Al-Karaouine, recognized by Guinness World Records and UNESCO as the world’s oldest continuously operating degree-granting university, is a marvel of simplicity and elegance. Its Andalusian art and Kufic calligraphy add grace to its design. The university library houses precious manuscripts, including historic Qur’an copies. This mosque is a piece of living history, with stunning décor and architecture.
The University of Al-Karaouine-New York Jewish Travel Guide
The Royal Palace of Fes, Dar el Makhzen, a 17th-century palace in Fes el Jdid, serves as the residence of Mohammed VI of Morocco when he visits the city. While the interior remains private, the palace’s exterior is a sight to behold, featuring beautiful, locked doors, landscaped grounds, and stunning architecture.
Another must-visit spot is the Tanners’ Quarter, known for its iconic tannery vats. A platform here offers a bird’s-eye view of the tanning process, with striking contrasts between the vats, white buildings, and vibrant dye colors—a truly captivating and colorful experience.
Don’t miss a visit to Mosaique et Potteries de Fes, where you can witness the fascinating process of creating Moroccan ceramics. From shaping clay to painting intricate designs and assembling mosaics, the workshop offers a captivating glimpse into pottery production. Afterward, explore the gift shop and consider taking home sets of three tagines or Moroccan tea glasses and teapots as delightful keepsakes.
Mosaique Et Poterie De Fes, Tea Set, New York Jewish Travel Guide
Morocco is renowned for its luxurious boutique riads and hotels, evoking the charm of “Arabian Nights.” Moroccans are known for their warm hospitality. Fes, a cultural and spiritual hub, boasts some of the most luxurious riads and hotels. Riads are traditional Moroccan homes from the Idrisid Dynasty era, restored as opulent accommodations with lush gardens, traditional zellij tile work, and rooms surrounding tranquil courtyards or mosaic-tiled pools adorned with intricate archways and mosaics.
The imperial cities of Meknes and Fes offer a timeless experience, where the lines between past and present effortlessly blur.
Riad Al Amine, New York Jewish Travel Guide
My stay at Fes’ Riad Al Amine was simply exceptional. This charming boutique riad, hidden within the old city, felt like a paradise. The service was impeccable, with a warm welcome and delightful mint tea.
A rooftop adorned with an indoor pool, lush greenery, and the melodies of singing birds was a standout feature.
The rooms were intricately decorated with traditional antiques and modern amenities. The riad’s detailed tilework, plaster, and woodwork were stunning. Breakfast was a treat with freshly baked bread, orange juice, and exquisite Moroccan mint tea. Riad Al Amine is a true jewel in the heart of Medina, an oasis of beauty and comfort.
The imperial, eternal cities of Meknes and Fes serve up a timeless experience that blurs the boundaries between past and present.
Riad Al Amine, Fez, New York Jewish Travel Guide
For more information, visit:
To plan a trip to Morocco, contact the Moroccan National Office of Tourism or log on to http://www.visitmorocco.com/en.
For more information on Moroccan tourism infused with the Jewish Heritage Experience, contact:
Fly Royal Air Morocco: https://www.royalairmaroc.com/us-en/
Story and photography by Meyer Harroch, New York Jewish Travel Guide, and New York Jewish Guide.
The author took part in a press trip sponsored by the Moroccan National Office of Tourism.
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