Tucked away in northern Poland, Torun is a medieval treasure known as the birthplace of the renowned astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. Beyond its celestial heritage, this charming town is famed for its long-standing tradition of gingerbread making and is one of the rare Polish cities that emerged from World War II relatively unscathed.
Torun achieved UNESCO World Heritage status, thanks to its impeccably preserved street layout and the enduring beauty of its medieval brick architecture. Often likened to “Krakow of the North” for its enchanting allure, this city has cemented its status as one of Poland’s premier tourist destinations, ranking just behind Krakow in terms of popularity. Torun boasts an unparalleled collection of historical treasures, showcasing Poland’s most extensive array of original and meticulously preserved monuments.
Situated gracefully on the banks of the Vistula River, this walled Gothic town is a must-visit for travelers seeking a glimpse into Poland’s rich past and a taste of its captivating charm.
“The Jewish Community of Torun: An Evolving History”
The Jewish community in Torun had its beginnings at the close of the 18th century when a mere trio of Jews—comprising a teacher, a kosher butcher, and a cook—established their presence in the town. However, it was not until Torun returned to Polish sovereignty in 1920 that the local Jewish community began to take shape, albeit as one of the smallest in the country, numbering just 354 individuals by 1925.
As World War II loomed on the horizon, the Jewish population in Torun had grown to around 1,000 individuals. Notably, not all of them actively engaged in Jewish organizations or communal life; some opted for more independent paths.
However, the shifting geopolitics and changing demographics over time led to a gradual decline in Torun’s Jewish population. Some departed for distant shores, seeking refuge from the impending conflict, while others chose to assimilate into Polish society, integrating their identities into the broader cultural mosaic. These intricate historical forces, which the Jewish community of Torun grappled with, reflect the multifaceted nature of its history.
“Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalisher: A Torchbearer of Zionism in Torun”
Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalisher, an Orthodox German rabbi born in 1795 in Lesano (now Leszno, Poland), made a lasting impact on Torun. Recognized as one of the early pioneers of modern Zionism, he advocated for Jewish resettlement in the Land of Israel from a religious perspective.
After settling in Torun, Rabbi Kalisher devoted himself to the town, serving as an “acting rabbi” for forty years without financial compensation. His supportive wife ran a modest shop to sustain their household. In 1862, he published “Drishat Tzion,” where he eloquently expressed the idea: “When we redeem the land, we make a pathway for our God and a Kalischer way towards final redemption.”
Rabbi Kalisher’s influence extends beyond Torun. A street in Tel Aviv off HaCarmel Street is named in his honor, as is the religious kibbutz Tirat Tzvi in the Bet She’an valley. In 2008, Israel issued a postage stamp in recognition of his significant contributions. In Torun, a plaque on the building at 46 Szeroka Street where he lived commemorates his enduring legacy.
“Ul. Szczytna 12 Synagogue: A Testament to Resilience and Remembrance”
Located at Ul. Szczytna 12, the synagogue, built in 1847, once served as a sacred gathering place for local congregants. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by the Nazis during the war. Today, a poignant memorial plaque marks the site of the former synagogue, serving as a reminder of the community that once worshiped there and emphasizing the importance of remembrance.
“Exploring the Heart of the City: The Lachmann Family House”
At the heart of the city lies a captivating piece of history: the Lachmann family house. This residence, once owned by the Lachmann family, still prominently features a Jewish star by the window stairwell—an enduring symbol of its rich heritage. Today, the historic house has been repurposed into a rental apartment building, seamlessly blending its storied past with modern life.
The Lachmann family, renowned for their involvement in trade, ventured to Hamburg over a century or two ago. Specializing in corn and wool commerce, they established vital connections between Germany and Russia. While their physical presence has shifted over time, their legacy endures in this house, standing as a testament to their significant contributions to the city’s history.
“Exploring Torun: Must-Visit Attractions”
Old Town Square: A European Gem
Like many European cities, Torun’s Old Town Square enchants visitors with its historic allure. Dominating the square is the town hall, a perfect starting point for your exploration. Dating back to the late 14th century, the Town Hall is not only Torun’s most significant building but also a gateway to the city’s architectural marvels. As you stroll through the square, you’ll discover landmarks such as the Postal Building and the Arthus House, each adding to the rich tapestry of Torun’s history and beauty.
Capture the Monuments
As you explore Old Town, you’ll encounter numerous statues and monuments, each with its own legend or story. Look out for the dragon of Torun, which a couple reportedly saw in 1746. Across from the Copernicus statue, you’ll find the tortured wooden donkey—an unsettling device used to punish and humiliate criminals who had to sit on it before facing whipping. Keep your eyes peeled in the town center for these intriguing sights, and don’t miss the statue of Filus, an endearing puppy holding a hat in his mouth from a popular Polish comic strip.
Discovering the Legends: Statues and Monuments of Old Town
As you explore Old Town, you’ll come across a rich array of statues and monuments, each with its own intriguing legend or story. For example, you might discover the legendary dragon of Torun, which a curious couple reportedly saw in 1746. Not far from there, the haunting wooden donkey stands directly across from the Copernicus statue. This grim device was once used to punish and shame wrongdoers, forcing them to sit on it before enduring their punishment.
Exciting discoveries await around every corner in the town center, so keep your eyes peeled! Among the many captivating figures, my personal favorite is the statue of Filus, an adorable puppy holding a hat in his mouth, who is celebrated in a popular Polish comic strip.
For more information:
To plan your trip to Poland, reach out to the Polish National Tourist Office in North America or visit:
Story and photography by Meyer Harroch, New York Jewish Travel Guide and New York Jewish Guide
The author participated in a press trip sponsored by the Polish National Tourist Office in North America.
